Urinary tract infection (UTI) in pregnancy

During pregnancy, particularly in the later stages, it’s quite common to experience a urinary tract infection (UTI).

A UTI occurs when bacteria infiltrate and infect either your urinary tract or bladder. Such infections are prevalent in women, and even more so during pregnancy.

Various types of UTIs exist, based on their location. Infection in the bladder is referred to as cystitis (a term you’ve likely encountered). When the infection reaches your kidneys, it’s known as pyelonephritis.

If you’re among the one in ten women who exhibit no symptoms of a UTI, the infection can be detected through the urine test your midwife administers during routine checks. If they spot signs of a possible infection, they will refer you for a comprehensive urine test at the hospital. These tests will look for elevated white blood cell counts and nitrites, indicative of an infection. The most prevalent infection culprit is E. coli, which resides in your gut.

For those with a lower UTI (cystitis), you may experience one or more of the following symptoms:

• Pain or burning sensation while urinating.
• Increased frequency of urination.
• Lower abdominal or back pain.
• Traces of blood in your urine.
• A general feeling of unwellness.

Should the infection ascend to your kidneys (pyelonephritis), you might encounter:

• Fever exceeding 38 degrees Celsius.
• Back or pelvic pain.
• Shivering.
• Nausea and/or vomiting.

Remember to promptly consult your GP if you experience any of the aforementioned symptoms.

The hormonal shifts in pregnancy often give rise to various occurrences, and UTIs are no exception. Progesterone, a hormone, relaxes the muscles that link your kidneys and bladder, slowing down urine flow. Additionally, your enlarging uterus contributes to this decreased flow. These conditions provide bacteria more time to flourish, potentially leading to a UTI.

A UTI can impact your baby, underscoring the importance of seeking medical attention from a GP, doctor, or midwife. In many instances, antibiotics are necessary to combat the infection, so there’s no room for hesitation. Especially in the third trimester, a UTI might trigger premature labour. Furthermore, UTIs have been associated with:

• Preeclampsia.
• Premature birth.
• Preterm labor.
• Low birth weight.

Taking proactive measures to avert this condition is crucial, and several steps can be taken to minimize the risk:

• Avoid holding in urine for prolonged periods; empty your bladder at the first urge.
• After using the restroom, wipe from front to back to prevent bacterial spread.
• Urinate after sexual activity.
• Opt for showers over baths and utilize gentle detergents.
• Stay adequately hydrated.
• Wear cotton underwear and avoid tight clothing.